猪叫做(zuo)pig
肉叫做meat
那Pig的肉
为什么就不(bu)可以像汉语这样直接叫：
猪肉
pig+ meat
而(er)需要一个新的词：
pork
这不多此一举吗，
英语就不能了解一下我们(men)背单词的辛苦吗?
同理牛肉为什么不叫：
cow meat
而叫
beef?
这是为什么呢?
“猪”是pig，100 “肉”是meat，为什么“猪(zhu)肉”不是pig meat?
Yet it seems something got lost in translation between leaving the farm and ending up on our dinner plates.
似乎动物们在离开农场和最终(zhong)出现在我们的餐盘之(zhi)间的那一段时间翻译好像丢了。
Pig became pork cow became beef and sheep became mutton.
猪肉成了pork，牛肉成了beef，羊肉成了(le)mutton。
Do we call these animals by different names when we eating them to disconnect from the fact that that cute pig you saw the petting zoo is going to be tomorrow's dinner or is there a bit more history to it than that.
当我们吃(chi)这些动物的时候，我们是(shi)不是用不同的名字(zi)来称呼它们，就能(neng)让他们与我们往日看(kan)到的可爱形象相区分，还是(shi)说这其中有更多的历史?
In 1066 the King of England, Edward the Confessor, died leaving to Harold Godwinson, Earl of Wessex, being crowned king and becoming King Harold II.
1066年，英格兰(lan)国王爱德华忏悔者去(qu)世，王位留给哈罗德·戈德温森，威塞克(ke)斯伯爵，他加冕为国王，成(cheng)为国王哈罗德二世。
Yet things didn't go easily for him, his first issue came from the north, thanks to Harald Hardrada, king of Norway invading Yorkshire.
然而事情并没有(you)只是当国王那么简单，他的第一个问(wen)题来自北方，这一切(qie)都是由于挪威国王哈拉尔德·哈德拉达入侵约克郡。
While Harold II successfully defeated the Norwegian fleet, William of Normandy, arrived in Sussex in the South of England
当哈罗德二世成(cheng)功击退挪威舰队时，诺曼底(di)的威廉抵达英格兰南部的(de)苏塞克斯。
What Harold was in the north meaning Harold had to rush back down south to take on the French adversary.
而哈罗德还在北方(fang)，意味着哈罗德必须急忙(mang)赶回南方再去对付法国
This cumulated in the Battle of Hastings were Harold II, the king of England, was defeated by the French army supposedly with an arrow to the eye leading to William of Normandy becoming King of England and becoming known as William the Conqueror.
在(zai)黑斯廷斯战役中，英国国王哈罗(luo)德二世，被法国军(jun)队击败据说是被一箭射中(zhong)眼睛，导致诺曼底的威廉(lian)成为英格兰国王并被称为征(zheng)服者威廉
Now I know what you're wondering what has any of this got to do with animals or food.
现在我知道(dao)你在想什么，这些和动物或(huo)食物的说法又有什么关系?
Well, we have this piece of English history to thank for the variation names between animals when they're alive and when they're being eaten.
这么说吧，多(duo)亏了这段英国历(li)史，动物活着的时候和被(bei)吃掉的时候才有了不同的名字(zi)
The Norman invasion of England has had a longer lasting effect on the English language，
诺曼人(ren)入侵英格兰对英语产生了(le)更持久的影响
especially with the division of language in the French upper classes and the anglo-saxon working classes of the time
尤其是当时法国上层阶级(ji)和盎格鲁-撒克(ke)逊工人阶级的语言分化
It would be this anglo-saxon working class sort of farm and hunt the food keeping the English names of the animals they already knew like cow pig and sheep
盎(ang)格鲁-撒克逊工人阶级耕种(zhong)并捕猎，所以他们保(bao)留了他们经常使用的动物的英文名字，如牛，猪和羊
while the French upper classes who only ever saw the animals cooked would use the French names they already knew.
而只见过被烹饪后的动物的法(fa)国上流社会则使用他们(men)的法语叫法
This meant that cooked pig took on the French name for them porc, which is of course anglicized the pork.
这就意味着(zhe)煮熟的猪用了法(fa)语名字porc， 英国(guo)化之后成pork
The French boeuf was anglicized to beef to replace cattle，
法语boeuf被(bei)英国化为beef来代替牛
and mutton comes from the French word for sheep mouton.
mutton来自法国对羊的叫法mouton。
Chicken meat is still just known as chicken and duck meat is just known as duck.
鸡肉(rou)仍然被叫作chicken，鸭肉仍然被叫作duck
There seems to be no real answer what chicken and duck meat is still just called chicken and duck.
鸡鸭肉究竟为什么还被叫作chicken和duck，似乎还没有真正的答案。
Poulet it's French for chicken which is where poultry comes from
Poulet是法语，意思是鸡肉，家禽poultry这个单词就是从这里来的。
and was anglicized to pullet which is now just used to refer to a young hen.
后来被(bei)英语化成了pullet，现在用来指年(nian)轻的母鸡
Horse meat is a rather controversial meat due to the fact that for so long horses have played such a large role as companions to humans, some cultures are hesitant eat them especially in english-speaking countries.
马肉是一种颇(po)有争议的肉，因为这么长时间以来，马(ma)一直扮演着人类重(zhong)要的伙伴角色，一(yi)些文化对吃马肉很犹豫，尤其是在英语国家。
In France horse meat ethis just called cheval meat. Cheval being the French name for horses when they are alive, too.
在法国，马肉被称为cheval。Cheval也是马活(huo)着时的法语名字。
But due to horse meat not coming across the channel with William the conquerer it didn't get a name divided like pig and pork.
但是由于马肉(rou)没有随征服者威廉穿越海峡而(er)来，所以马肉没有像(xiang)猪和猪肉那样被分开命名。
So what about fish? Fish is much like poultry and horses in the fact that they haven't got a separate name for when they're eaten and even specific species of fish don't have food names.
那鱼呢(ne)?鱼很像家禽和马，事实上(shang)它们被吃的时候没有单独的名字，甚至特定种类的鱼(yu)也没有食物名称。
This is for to do the French word for fish being of poisson on which is very similar to the English word poison,
这是因为法语中表示鱼的词poisson，这个词与(yu)英语中的“毒药”非常相似，
so perhaps people were turned off eating something that sounded similar to poison.
所以com也许是人们拒绝吃(chi)听起来像毒药的东西。
So next time you're eating a beef burger just remember you're calling that a beef burger and not a cattle burger due to an invasion and a class divide that happened almost 1,000 years ago.
因此，下次您要吃(chi)牛肉汉堡时，请(qing)记住，您所说的是beef汉堡，而不是cattle汉堡，这与一段入(ru)侵和近1000年(nian)前发生的阶级分化(hua)的历史有关。
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